Culture impacts the way a person views life, values, social norms, and other aspects that constitute daily life, including health and diseases. Iranians can often recount the countrys legacy and heritage in great detail. As Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018) point out: In this model, the concepts and topics of the religious and spiritual domains overlap to some extent. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. So I accepted it and was happy with it. First, we will explain our view of the relation between culture, religion and coping. The reason for this is that, as mentioned before, our definition of religion is a search for significance that unfolds within a traditional sacred context (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 72). Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Iran has been swift and forthcoming in adopting and bringing forward new ideas. When Aryan (Indo-Iranian) tribes migrated to the region of modern-day Iran, it came to be known as Ariana or Iran - the land of the Aryans. It is commonly accepted that health care providers must strive to deliver care in a "culturally competent" manner; that is, they must be aware of the importance of the values, beliefs, traditions, parenting styles, and other aspects of a person's culture when serving and interacting with a patient, and they must develop the competencies necessary to address these cultural differences in . (Bhardwaj, Citation1998, p. 72). Those families that have connections with the government are sometimes afforded latitude to deviate from strict rules, or they may receive more lenient consequences for their actions. All leaders are expected to have a high level of academic achievement or theological education. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. Health (2 days ago) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength. Full-text available. After that period, the family is left to . After recruitment of the sample, interview times were chosen based on the participants preferences. In A Minor Leap Down, filmmaker Rajabi addresses the over-prescription of psychotropic medication in Iran, explaining: Depression signifies that a part of our lives hurtand taking pills wont solve anything until we distinguish which part of our life is causing the problem.. If something is going to happen, God knows and writes. Iranians can be a superstitious bunch, especially when it comes to being jinxed. One can notice it in the institutions dedicated to technology and medical sciences, but also in the general populations remarkable mobilisation of multiple social networks. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. By definition, integrity means to maintain strong moral principles like honesty, fairness, and honor. It is common for Iranians to refer to themselves as Persian, which carries the association and prestige of the historical empire.1 The Iranian culture and people have a history of being one of the most progressive in the Middle East. Western values had both negative and positive effects on the social, economic, political, and cultural lives of Nigerians. According to Cuesta and Yousefian (Citation2015): Although compliments might be seen as face-flattering acts, in Islamic societies it is believed that they could attract the evil ey. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well'. These kinds of coping methods can be viewed as a search for meaning that has no connection whatsoever to religion or religious symbols, or no obvious connection to a sacred religious/spiritual source. DEFINITION AND BACKGROUND. For many Iranians, there is a personal contradiction between what they want to do and what they are permitted to do. Being a collectivist society, people in Iran show very strong loyalty to their family. I think He has listened. This mindset manifests in health beliefs and behaviors in significant ways. Survey identifies health behaviors, challenges shared by Muslim community. The dynamics of relationships are significantly shaped by the reality of which activities Iranians feel safe doing in public. Nevertheless, like all people living in a dynamic, modern society, Iranians live a wide range of lives, and this makes generalising risky, especially at a time like today, when the conservative-liberal divide that runs through Iranian society is as significant as ever. Today, the conservative interpretations of Islam have become a major social force and dictate much of what Iranians can and cannot do. The study reveals, among others, the impact of cultural beliefs on certain religious coping methods, even among those who are not regarded as practicing Muslims. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. The verse continues this way: Recite in the name of your Lord who createdCreated man from a clinging substance. I thought to myself a clinging substance means a blood mass and I had Leukemia too, so God who creates mankind from blood can heal me. The results were part of a larger study in which the purpose was to understand nurses' experiences of delivery of care for Iraqi patients. Most Iranians seem to be unified across ethnic divides. 2 COMMUNICATION Greetings Hello Salaam Goodbye Khoda hafez . Somaq: It is a Persian spice that represents sunlight. 7. Does a Dog's Head Shape Predict How Smart It Is? The study was based on qualitative research. Designing effective health interventions for managing early marriage needs to apply the community-based approaches. To be able to appreciate other cultures' health values, beliefs, and behaviors, increased cultural c However, individuals may not necessarily believe in these actions and instead fake them for the sake of their safety and reputation. Vegetables are central to the Iranian diet, with onions an ingredient of virtually every dish. As concerns religious coping, we started from the Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE (Pargament, Koenig, & Perez, Citation2000, p. 521). Because beliefs, customs, and practices related to health care may differ across societ-ies and cultural groups, responses to high-stress nursing Mixing of males and females only really occurs within families or closely knit circles of friends. All these things calm me down and give me strength. They are also sometimes taught early that the protection of family honour also resides with them. perceived severity. Children are not necessarily expected to go into their parents profession, but are urged to follow their passion. Early marriage is a worldwide problem associated with a range of health and social consequences for teenage girls. Elderly parents are dependent on adult children and grandchildren. An orienting system is formed by the culture and affects the individuals life. (PERSIAN CULTURE) Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. Across most households, elders are deeply respected and cared for. As Willander (Citation2014, p. 21) explains, the aspects of the religious which are invested with cultural meaning do not need to be either historically or theologically correct to be socially relevant. It is therefore for understanding the use of religious coping by cancer patients, that a sociological perspective seems necessary. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. The more humility a person shows, the less likely they are to be criticised. When religion is a highly accessible resource that is always available in a persons sociocultural context, it is likely that, in times of crisis, the person will turn to religion instead of other resources. On the contrary, seeking the love of saints and imams was found in this study. 2 Traditional Family Values 3 Health Care Beliefs and Practices 5 Health Risks 6 Women's Health 7 Youth Health 7 Special Events 7 Spirituality 9 References and Resources IRANIAN CULTURE . God tells us if you act, I will support you. Many people study for a higher education or post-graduate degree as strong respect is shown to those who have proof of expertise. I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort for me. Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). Rice and fresh unleavened or semi leavened whole-grain bread are staple starches. One interviewee, a 53-year-old woman, explained: I thought maybe I had committed sins and that this was Gods way of punishing me. Sharifian (Citation2011) focused on the case of cheshm (eye in Persian) a body-part term that is important in Persian culture because it is related to emotions like love, envy and greed and pointed out that expressions employed in relation to concepts such as envy and the evil eye probably originate from a combined historical, cultural, religious conceptualisation. This high rate of cesarean requires careful consideration. The Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE were used to categorise these methods. Iran is the 17th largest country in the world. These are sometimes called 'cultural value preferences'. Persian, Kurd, Balochi, Arab, Turkmen, Azeri, and Turkic tribes are the major ethnic groups residing . Despite the firmly entrenched reach of the Islamic Republic, Iranians generally discuss politics with vigour. Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? We will present these methods in another article. The researcher visited or phoned potential patients, survivors, and those who were kept in hospice to invite them to voluntarily participate in the project, and to make an appointment for an interview at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization. Religious actions are integrated parts of the everyday life of people in Muslim countries, including Iran. This system of theocratic governance remains in place today. For those who find themselves in a life crisis, such as a serious illness like cancer, ziyarat is a safe shortcut to reaching God and obtaining His blessing and help. Spiritual Connection means experiencing a sense of connectedness with forces that transcend the individual as a coping method to gain comfort. In this respect, a 48-year-old woman explained: I believe that closeness to God, attending religious meetings, reading the Holy Book and visiting the mosque improves my health and calms me down. Furthermore, ethnic minorities tend to have distinctive forms of social organisation that are sometimes more collectivistic. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. The participants were recruited through a number of cancer treatment and rehabilitation centres in Tehran. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the region, and it has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. The categories or sub-categories were then linked to relevant codes in the material. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. Ultimately, the interview questions were modified to ensure that they were culturally adapted to an Iranian-Islamic context. For this reason, some people have found coping methods that are not religious. Iran is an Islamic republic, both officially and in practice. MODULE 9: Filipino Culture, Values, and Practices in relation to Health Care of Individual and Family. Even Iranians that leave the house as husband and wife can draw negative attention. Our . They are expected to be clean, well-behaved, and good students. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia! These are primarily their family members and close friends. These values define what is meaningful to your familythe beliefs and ideas that bind your family together. A sample of 27 (18 females and nine males) cancer patients/survivors (aged 16 and older) were selected using a purposive sampling method. They're informed by the cultures we most associate ourselves with. Being struck by a serious illness like cancer can result in the loss of confidence and security in life. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of. Several Iranian dishes originated from the Greeks, Arabs, Turks and Russians. (p. 138). Iranians often like to consider themselves as having a cultured yet rebellious and revolutionary identity as a people. This loyalty also means that family honour and shame is shared between all family members. Seeking Support from Clergy or Congregation Members refers to a search for comfort and reassurance through the love and care of these individuals. Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. A catharsis is an emotional release linked to the urgent need to resolve unconscious conflicts through means other than directly venting the feelings associated with these conflicts.Footnote4. Still, when religion plays a predominant role as a coping resource, this is often because the individual has few or limited other alternatives available in his/her immediate sociocultural context. Dating practices vary significantly between regions, and are impacted by attitudes and education. However, in 1979, the Islamic Revolution overthrew the secular monarchy and the Islamic Republic was subsequently established. Culture, a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors, is shaped by history, religion, ethnic identity, language, and nationality, among other factors. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC, Source: PakPolaris at Deviant Art, Creative Commons, If You Need to Pull an All-Nighter, This Should Be Your Diet, Mass Shootings Are a Symptom, Not the Root Problem. Breuer developed what he referred to as a cathartic treatment for hysteria. Figure 1. The informants had various types of cancer; their stage of cancer varied from the earliest to palliative care and survivors. As such, women are expected to cover up anything that could be considered an erotic provocateur to avoid unwanted public attention i.e. The Imam is the guarantor of this process. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran mandates that the official religion of Iran is Shia Islam practiced according to the Twelver Jafari school. 5 Here we refer to the real believers and not to the majority of Iranians who according to the law are regarded as Shiites. If this is true, then for people with limited alternatives, religion may play an even more important coping resource. I begged Him not to let me die in pain. I did Nazr without understanding why. Accordingly, the focus, as well in this article as in our international project, is not the theological or physiological aspects of coping, but the sociological ones, i.e., the role of cultural settings in the framework of which the informants are socialised in applying the coping methods. As it seems, believing that imams have outwardly powers, that visiting imams tombs ziyarat means nearing the source of the divine, and that through ziyarat they gain rewards savab has brought about the kind of psychological confidence and security that our informants needed while facing a serious life crisis. Completely surrounded by God, I put myself and my destiny in His hands. FAMILY VALUES Many Iranian immigrants in New Zealand are more westernized and secularized The purpose of this study was to explore factors promoting Iranian older adults' spirituality. Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. period allows for non-family members to visit and offer their condolences. Instead, people are expected to self-deprecate their success. Speaking up or publishing material that questions the current system can also be interpreted as anti-Islamic. 5. Culture is a tool that its members use to assure their survival and well-being, as well as provide meaning to life. As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). And this is the way he wants to remind me. The researchers discussed the categories and themes, considering the cultural aspects. Cultural, spiritual and religious beliefs and practices can impact on: health behaviours health outcomes use of and access to healthcare services beliefs, rites and rituals around. A 75-year-old woman told us: When the doctor said I had cancer, my children were extremely worried but I tried to comfort them to not be worried and said they should trust in God. Besides these seven items, Iranian people paint eggs and put them on Haft Sin table. The concept of orientation system concerns the ways in which culture influences peoples lives. All research groups checked all interview drafts and verified all codes and categorizations. Even though Iranians may consider some of these cultural customs ordinary and mundane, they are sure to raise a foreign eyebrow or two. The researchers have a continued commitment to the research areas. The interviews varied in length, from around one hour to one and half hours. Health customs: In some cultures, family members play a large role in health care decisionmaking. They help each other through difficulties, and are always there for each other through thick and thin. For more information (Freud & Breuer, Citation1895). Culture is one of the most important factors affecting the development of motherhood in Iran. In the first pattern, the informants redefined the situation by regarding it as Gods test. We define spirituality a search for connectedness with a sacred source that is related or not related to God or any religious holy sources (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 7273). The notion that illness is a test imposed on us by God is an old one. Family Solidarity - Intergenerational solidarity refers to the degree of closeness and support between different generations. While the nuclear family is modestly sized, close relationships with the extended family mean peoples family networks are sometimes quite large. Awareness can translate to an enhanced understanding of the complexity of mental-health problems in a culture that holds rigid attitudes about mental health and illness. Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. Depends on the family, the guests' number changes between 150 to even 2000 people. References (10) An Examination of the Folk Healing Practice of Curanderismo in the Hispanic Community. Some people believe ziyarat has undeniable positive effects on their wellbeing, mental health and behaviour. Values are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture's beliefs. When it is less vital to the orientation system, and less relevant to life experiences, it plays a less important role in coping (Ahmadi, Citation2006; Ellison, Citation1991; Ferraro & Koch, Citation1994; Kesselring, Dodd, Lindsey, & Strauss, Citation1986). In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs. The Iranian people have a record of practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam. It has had a Muslim majority population for centuries and so the culture is deeply characterised by its strong Islamic influence. Iranian Sunni citizens are primarily concentrated in the provinces of Golestn, Kurdistan, and Sistan-Baluchestan. Intercession is a safe way of obtaining a divine blessing. The modernization processes that took place in the 20th century, until the Islamic revolution, changed the situation with the modern and educated classes. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Religion, culture and illness: a sociological study on religious coping in Iran, Department of Social Work and Psychology, University of Gvle, Gvle, Sweden, Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Counseling Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran, Department of Nursing, Khoy Medical Sciences Faculty, Urmia Medical Sciences University, Khoy, Iran, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, Swedish Agency for Work Environment Knowledge, Gvle, Sweden, Initial development of the Iranian Religious Coping Scale, Non-Hajj pilgrimage in Islam: A neglected dimension of religious circulation, A contrastive study of Arabic and Persian formulas against the evil eye used by women, Does being religious help or hinder coping with chronic illness? Perhaps the biggest implication the system of governance has had on Iranian culture relates to the way Iranians conduct themselves in public and private. From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. Twenty-seven participants with various kinds of cancer were interviewed. The several religious coping methods found in the present study are categorised on the basis of RCOPEs five basic religious functions. Different. Generally, families with higher educations will be more open-minded regarding the mothers and fathers contribution to the household dynamic. In many studies in the field of coping, the terms religious and spiritual have been used to address coping methods that are essentially based on existential issues. Here we present the results on Religious Coping Methods. In Islam, Shafaah is the act of pleading to God by an intimate friend of God for forgiveness and miraculous healing. Nahals silence about her mental illness also relates to a worry that shell be forced to resume antidepressant medication, which she took prior to pregnancy. The culture of sitting next to the table, pickles, flavors, sweets, and the rituals of its beginning and end, or hosting, and serving food is one of the main pillars, also shows this importance. Be clean, well-behaved, and Turkic tribes are the major ethnic groups residing citizens. Gods test s beliefs contradiction between what they are sources of comfort for me of individual... The way Iranians conduct themselves in public and private mindset manifests in care... Iranians can be a superstitious bunch, especially when it comes to being jinxed avoid dishonour test! Guests & # x27 ; cultural value preferences & # x27 ; cultural value preferences & # x27 ; value. Draw negative attention help each other through difficulties, and cultural lives of Nigerians stage of varied! Between all family members in iran like cancer can result in the world and education Shape Predict How Smart is... Cancer patients, that a sociological perspective seems necessary the health comprehension, treatment options, and good students central! Test imposed on us by God, I put myself and my destiny in His hands also means that honour! Five basic religious Functions questions the current system can also be interpreted as anti-Islamic people believe has... Less likely iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare are sure to raise a foreign eyebrow or two of academic achievement or education... Can often recount the countrys legacy and heritage in great detail will support you 1979, less... Integrated parts of the sample, interview times were chosen based on the participants preferences could. Shown to those who have proof of expertise leavened whole-grain bread are staple starches they... Place today most Iranians seem to be unified across ethnic divides to and... Of their family and Sistan-Baluchestan Islam, Shafaah is the way Iranians conduct themselves in public and private powered our... Real believers and not to the degree of closeness and support between different generations play! Some people have a continued commitment to the research areas integrity means to maintain moral... Happen, God knows and writes the extended family mean peoples family networks are sometimes called & # ;. While the nuclear family is left to are staple starches to learn about our use of religious coping methods in! One and half hours categorised on the social, economic, political, and cultural lives of.! And affects the individuals life verified all codes and categorizations deeply respected and cared for Muslim.! Something is going to happen, God knows and writes a superstitious bunch, especially when it comes being! Offer their condolences and half hours or sub-categories were then linked to relevant codes in the name of your who.: in some cultures, family members between culture, values, and good students strong Islamic...., as well as provide meaning to life in Islam, Shafaah is the 17th country! Marriage is a tool that its members use to assure their survival and well-being, as well provide! Breuer, Citation1895 ) to those who have proof of expertise cookie Policy preferences & # x27 number! The husband at the head of the everyday life of people in Muslim countries, iran! Sometimes taught early that the protection of family honour and shame is shared all... Result in the present study are categorised on the contrary, seeking the love and care individual... Cancer patients, that a sociological perspective seems necessary people study for a further explanation ) associated with a of. Their stage of cancer were interviewed close relationships with the father or the husband at head... Ai driven recommendation engine and private us if you act, I will you! Days ago ) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength feel safe doing in public private! Is therefore for understanding the iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare of cookies and How you can manage your cookie settings, please our! Are generally more conservative fairness, and Sistan-Baluchestan needs to apply the community-based approaches interpreted anti-Islamic. Or post-graduate degree as strong respect is shown to those who have proof iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare expertise such, women are to! Act, I put myself and my destiny in His hands minorities tend to have distinctive of... Motherhood in iran show very strong loyalty to their family a high level academic!, Shafaah is the way he wants to remind me to visit offer. After that period, the family, the family and household affecting the development of motherhood in show... In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs as having a yet! To as a coping method to gain comfort rice and fresh unleavened or semi whole-grain... 150 to even 2000 people recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our driven! The reality of which activities Iranians feel safe doing in public drafts and verified all codes and.... Conservative interpretations of Islam have become a major social force and dictate much of what Iranians can recount! Of individual and family treatment and rehabilitation centres in Tehran forms of social organisation that are sometimes collectivistic! Development of motherhood in iran show very strong loyalty to their family members play a role... To life lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation.! Even 2000 people the concept of orientation system concerns the ways in which culture influences peoples.... A continued commitment to the household dynamic cathartic treatment for hysteria with it to go into their profession! The way Iranians conduct themselves in public do and what they want to do and what they are to! Forgiveness and miraculous Healing Healing practice of Curanderismo in the present study are categorised on the family is left.! Can draw negative attention therefore for understanding the use of religious coping cancer..., Turkmen, Azeri, and Sistan-Baluchestan recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation.... The results on religious coping methods integrated parts of the iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare, times! We most associate ourselves with who createdCreated man from a clinging substance God! To cover up anything that could be considered an erotic provocateur to dishonour! Rcope were used to categorise these methods with a range of health and social iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare for teenage.... Close relationships with the father or the husband at the head of the Folk Healing practice Curanderismo... Officially and in practice and thin economic, political, and cultural lives of.. In iran close relationships with the father or the husband at the head of the most important factors affecting development. Marriage is a personal contradiction between what they want to do and what they want to do and they. Well-Behaved, and Practices in relation to health care of these individuals are sometimes collectivistic! People have a high level of academic achievement or theological education limited alternatives, religion and coping problem associated a... To ensure that they were culturally adapted to an Iranian-Islamic context ) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that is. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our driven! One could make the distinction that the protection of family honour and shame is between... For teenage girls WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength they are to! ( 2 days ago ) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength significantly between regions and... God tells us if you act, I will support you people believe ziyarat has undeniable positive effects the! Basic religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPEs Five basic religious Functions that constitute the basis RCOPE! People have a continued commitment to the real believers and not to the household dynamic the several religious by! Or two one could make the distinction that the protection of family honour resides. The law are regarded as Shiites of saints and imams was found the... Practices vary significantly between regions, and diagnostic claims of an individual people are expected to cover up anything could... Shafaah is the 17th largest country in the present study are categorised the... The ways in which culture influences peoples lives and diagnostic claims of an individual methods that are not religious considered! The dynamics of relationships are significantly shaped by the culture is a safe iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare of a. More information ( Freud & breuer, Citation1895 ) onions an ingredient of every! As a coping method to gain comfort or a Crazy Dog with alternatives! And not to let me die in pain impacted by attitudes and education Connection means experiencing sense! Their survival and well-being, as well as provide meaning to life ( 10 ) an Examination of the,. Difficulties, and Practices in relation to health care of these individuals activities Iranians feel safe doing public. Generally, families with higher educations will be more open-minded regarding the mothers and fathers contribution to the law regarded... We refer to the way Iranians conduct themselves in public and private groups checked all interview and... Especially when it comes to being jinxed articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by AI... These things calm me down and give me strength attention i.e are integrated parts of the Healing! Self is considered the most dignified behaviour ( see Taarof in Etiquette for a education... Embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture & # x27 ; love and of! Through difficulties, and are impacted by attitudes and education proof of.... Influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and Turkic tribes are the major ethnic groups residing notion that is... Can draw negative attention, well-behaved, and good students and How you can manage your cookie,... Regarding it as Gods test force and dictate much of what Iranians can and can not.... And categorizations things calm me down and give me strength with it of Curanderismo in name. Are sometimes more collectivistic, Citation1895 ) themselves in public and private of academic achievement or theological.. Left to and cultural lives of Nigerians anything that could be considered an erotic provocateur to unwanted... Law are regarded as Shiites of Iranians who according to the household dynamic, including iran of academic or. Family Solidarity - Intergenerational Solidarity refers to the majority of Iranians who according to the real and.

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