No one has mentioned the hastily implemented, ill-thought out legislation that raised the ATP requirement to 1500 hours unless you had specific university or military training. of computer time on how to fly an airliner and an oral exam given by Lindsay Graham. Sources say the new FAA rules will closely mirror new international regulations which allow a pilot to continue flying up to age 65 as long as his/her co-pilot in the cockpit is younger than 60. The airline academies are already dealing with a bottleneck because their current training infrastructure hasnt caught up with the demand. In a statement last May, ALPA said, This discussion is yet another attempt to distract the conversation from the real issue which is the failure of airlines to deliver on a key goal of the multibillion-dollar relief plan Congress provided them during the pandemic which was to effectively manage air-service operations as travel resumes. At What Age Must Commercial Pilots Retire? You are eligible for voluntary retirement with an immediate annuity and no reductions for age if you: *Special retirement provisions apply to Law Enforcement Officers, Firefighters, and Air Traffic Controllers for early retirement if certain occupation criteria are met. Employees hired before 1984 are generally members of the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS). WebIn the U.S., there are no FAA age limits for pilots except for commercial airline pilots employed by airlines certificated under 14 CFR Part 121. The sky did not fall while adjusting the age from 60 to 65, and it wont fall by going to 67, said Graham. As a critical pilot shortage continues to threaten the U.S. airline industry, carriers have reorganized routes and cut certain flights when they couldnt find enough pilots to cover them. Makes me glad that I am close to retirement. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); WORLD'S PREMIER INDEPENDENT AVIATION NEWS RESOURCE. Experienced instructors are far and wide and not that numerous, sure you can go to the airlines and still teach the airlines need you more. Big deal? The world is filled with 5th place trophy winners who expect everything to be given to them. As aviation safety instructor Michael Barr says. For many jobs, especially those requiring mental acuity, there's an age at which retirement is mandatory. And while the FAA has yet to comment, the Air Line Pilots Association the largest pilot union released a statement on the topic back in May, saying: Increasing the retirement age will have significant unintended consequences and will displace pilots. What Ive learned is that the comments spewed on AvWeb are of even lower quality than those found on YouTube, and thats really bad. For age 67 though, just stirring the pot. Re: Age 67 for pilots #22810673 BY SQ22 [Moderator] - Sun May 30, 2021 4:35 pm This is good information, but covers only a small part of what I am looking for. Survivor Annuity Your spouse, children, or former spouse may get Survivor Annuity benefits if you die while subject to In addition to lack of work ethic shown by a lot of younger people, I guess those persons were never taught by their parents the meaning of respecting their elders. One is that pilots already undergo mandatory I flew my last B777 flight as a 68 year old and I believe at the time I was the oldest Part 121 B777 pilot probably in the world. How about just making it easier for PILOTS to become airline pilots? Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. The one thing that amazes me is the lack of respect shown to older experienced pilots by a lot of younger posters not only here but on other forums as well. And based on minimal incentives to do otherwise, leaving a large amount of unused sick time on the table just prior to retirement is not usually a pilots choice. I know plenty of highly-qualified pilots who would consider the airlines if only they didnt have to put up with the long and varying hours for comparatively low pay before making it to the majors. I personally would not care if the FAA removed any age requirement and focused on increased testing and check rides that focused on mental acuity, attention to detail, and CRM. Two companion bills soon to be introduced in Congress would raise the airline retirement age to 67 from the current 65. Well there is school you say and sure there is, but now youre asking young people to make a commitment to a profession without really knowing the full extent of what is required and put a minimum of $100,000 of debt on their shoulders. Yea. The mandatory pilot retirement age was last raised in 2007, by five years from ages 60 to 65, through the Fair Treatment for Experienced Pilots Act. Tajer said he believes that the long-term solution lies with providing a bridge between a new pilots training completion and the experience required to qualify as a pilot for the airlines. No airline will look at a mechanic seriously, with less than two years industry work experience, after getting the A&P cert. A sudden illness forced him to retire, taking more than a half-century of knowledge with him. I was hired in 1980 and had to retire when I hit 56 years of age. This would be the second time in recent years that the pilot The age law was a result of Public Law 92-297 in 72. The 2023 NBAA Maintenance Conference provides vital education and networking opportunities for anyone involved in business aircraft maintenance from technicians to directors of maintenance. the UN agency is an intergovernmental body, potential raise in the mandatory retirement age, air traffic controllers must retire by the age of 56, An In-Depth Look At Air New Zealand's Domestic Network In March, Delta Air Lines Pilots Ratify New Contract, Arajet To Launch New Route Between The Dominican Republic And Colombia, Passengers And Flight Crews Are Enjoying The Best Views Of The Northern Lights, The TSA Is Opening A Temporary PreCheck Application Center In Richmond. All rights reserved. Thanks for reading InsideHook. No you're lying. Rough sailing ahead, Im afraid. That said, it wasnt even until 2007 that the mandatory retirement age for airline pilots was raised to 65 (previously it was 60). Did you know that such regulations were in place to keep older pilots apart? Whether you are riding in the back or sitting upfront, airline flying is not what it used to be. Speaking of training costs, if the age 65-plus pilots are forced to transition backwards, a domino effect occurs whereupon they must be trained on the narrow-body airplane while the next senior pilots are trained to fill the vacated seats on the widebody airplane. We already are a ways down the path where skin color and gender have become the most desirable qualifications. In the U.S., airline pilots are legally required to retire at 65, though legislation has been introduced to raise the retirement age to 67. Mandatory pilot retirement at age 65 has been in place since 2006 The current 65-year cut-off is based on the outcome of studies including simulator Home Flight Department Administration Personnel Considerations Age 65 Federal Court: Mandatory Retirement Age for Pilots Is Not Age Discrimination. How can I change a sentence based upon input to a command? Page last modified: January 13, 2017 9:50:23 AM EST, Aviation Safety Inspector (Airworthiness), DIRECT HIRE - Aviation Safety Inspector (General Aviation Operations), Air Traffic Control Specialist (JATOC Team Lead), Supervisory Air Traffic Control Specialist (Operations Supervisor), Airway Transportation Systems Specialist (SSC Coordinator), Air Traffic Control Specialist, Although ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) is not a regulatory agency with enforcement capabilities, age 65 is a limit among the many countries that abide by its rulesthe U.S. being one of them. (or perhaps youre one of those who think only the 1st and 2nd Amndmnts have any validity? But I want to know what my options are if I hire someone who is. Currently based in Vilnius, Lithuania. A quick look at its website yields the following information: "The Standard limits the privileges for pilots in single-pilot commercial air transport operations to 60 years of age, while extending that limit to 65 years of age for multi-pilot operations. There have been, and are, too many initiatives to make fewer mechanics with lower qualifications necessary. Les Abend is a retired, 34-year veteran of American Airlines, attempting to readjust his passion for flying airplanes in the lower flight levelswithout the assistance of a copilot. Considering the United States is likely to face a shortage of over 12,000 pilots by 2023, raising the retirement age to 65-67 doesnt seem all that a bad idea. When over 60, a six-monthly medical assessment is necessary, in order to ensure that older pilots remain fit for flying. The average instructor reaches 1000 or 1500 hours and then departs for the extra money instead of staying around and teaching. The ICAO and FAA approval of increasing the mandatory CAT pilot retirement to to 68 is expected in early 2020 with simultaneous regulatory action by the U.S. Congress and President. Are pilots over the age of 65 allowed to act as PIC for ferry flights between the UK and Canada? Many have looked into ways of shortening the path to an airline flight deck for pilots in training. Congressional Bills Would Raise Airline Retirement Age To 67, Crew-6 Launch Scrubbed For Ground Systems Issue, Joby Wraps Up Second Stage Of FAA Certification Process, The Drip, Drip Of Bad Publicity About 100LL. I applied for a waiver but was denied. Maybe you are thinking of the PATCO strike? Flyer1 (KS sandhu) April 20, 2021, 6:25am #9. Want answers to more key questions in aviation? It seems sadly we expect to much. You are entitled to a deferred annuity at age 62 if you: You are eligible for disability retirement annuity after you complete five years of creditable civilian service. Visit, Not the answer you're looking for? The Japanese transport ministry has decided to raise the retirement age for airline pilots to 67 from 64 to cope with a shortage in pilots. It was hired before 72, not 83. What's It Like Flying As A Passenger When You Work As A Pilot. The age requirement is also necessary to ensure that you are able to complete the 20 years of applicable service for retirement. That was from my last two facilities, ORD and BNA. Can the Age 60 Rule Apply to Your Flight Operations. Make it so its attractive for people to switch careers INTO the airlines, instead of OUT OF them. A pilot is not able to renew their airline transport license once they reach the age of 65 years. Copyright 2023 Flying Media. From the Civil Aviation Safety Authority, it is noted that the ICAO age limits for pilot in command (PIC) and co-pilot are not relevant in Australian domestic flights, and seems to imply that age does not affect the ability to hold a pilot's license. In Japan, the mandatory pilot retirement age is 67. Some of you need to understand that there are already several countries who approve beyond 65 Operations. Now here is a novel concept, especially the last sentence. Gather with other operators for up-to-the minute information to support aircraft operations in regions around the world. Japan has 68 as a limit currently. While this isn't binding for domestic business aviation The transport ministry said it will make stricter health checks mandatory for pilots aged 64 to 67 and limit the number of flight hours for them to 80 per month. Those are generally up to the countries themselves, which is why these nine are able to not have upper age limits. Older airline pilots experience more medical issues that dont necessarily challenge their daily lives but may keep them out of the cockpit, says veteran airline pilot Les Abend. Its just a term ignorant people throw out whenever they hear or read something they disagree with. What Exactly Is Rizz? Copyright 2023 InsideHook. For the moment, the pilot experience shortage has not quite reached the major airlines because of their source of qualified applicants from the regional carriers. How many pilots took an early out package during Covid allowing them to retire years before they would turn 65? @CGCampbell Lol, actually no. Even for the regionals. Whiskey connoisseur? Why? Sen. Lindsey Graham announced the Senate version of the bill and spoke about it at the Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport on Monday. Does Cosmic Background radiation transmit heat? The current age limitations for commercial air transport pilots (CAT) required by Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 were taken over from ICAO Annex 1. Cardiac irregularities, blood pressure, or orthopedic surgeries are examples. Sad but true. For single-pilot CAT operations the limiting threshold is the age of 60 and in multi-pilot CAT operations, pilots can continue to operate until the age of 65. Where can over age 65 airline pilots fly? Congress previously raised the mandatory retirement age of airline pilots to 65 from 60 in 2007. The NBAA Business Aviation Taxes Seminar provides a comprehensive understanding of how the appropriate tax laws and regulations apply exclusively to business aviation operators. Though it has no shot of becoming law with Republicans in the minority, Republican Senators are proposing raising the retirement age from 65 to 67 noting that 14,000 pilots would be forced to retire over the next four years at age 65. All it will take is a prolonged recession, maybe economic depression; and 5 or 10 years of inflation putting everyone in the poor house, and then were back to the same old cycle of furloughs and airline bankruptcies. The ICAO continues to recommend a retirement age of 65. Sources: British Medical Journal, ICAO, ICAO, Miller Thomson. Interestingly, a 2011 ICAO presentation by the organization's medical section chief noted that in 2006, when the maximum age was increased, 27 council members voted in favor of the rule change. Tequila fanatic? Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC) is reportedly soliciting cosponsors for legislation that proposes changing pilot retirement age from 65 to 68. Get InsideHook in your inbox. I quite currency at age 53 though and stayed till 58 as staff/manager kinda guy. Washington, DC 20591 Jonathan Welsh is a private pilot who worked as a reporter, editor and columnist with the Wall Street Journal for 21 years, mostly covering the auto industry. CSRS is considered a "defined benefit plan" - it has specific criteria for eligibility and a formula for calculating your benefits. We just dont have enough pilots over time to keep the skies working the way they should, Graham, who is 67 himself, said at a press conference. Your eligibility is based on your age and years of service. Sign up for our daily newsletter and be in the know. Finding a good replacement is proving to be a challenge. Calls for raising the minimum retirement age So to keep the industry from losing even more pilots, Graham is sponsoring legislation that would raise the mandatory Mainstream media has certainly shone a spotlight on the situation, giving additional anxiety to those who are still formulating their travel plans. In the U.S., there are no FAA age limits for pilots except for commercial airline pilots employed by airlines certificated under 14 CFR Part 121. What the legislation does Furthermore, most regional airline pilots leave the regional industry long before age 65 for more lucrative jobs at mainline or low-cost carriers or other opportunities. Someone has a very tired mind, yes? Setting aside the debate of age 67 being an arbitrary number, older airline pilots experience more medical issues that dont necessarily challenge their daily lives but may keep them out of the cockpit. An annuity is a sum paid to you when you meet the requirements to retire. Flying may receive financial compensation for products purchased through this site. Accident data hasnt borne this out. You are eligible for a special Air Traffic Controller Retirement if you: Your annuity is computed similarly to regular retirement but may not be less than 50 percent of your average pay, assuming that your contributions are in the retirement fund. Stretch the mandatory retirement age to 67 and the percentage will go higher. Enhance your international business aviation operator skills at the 2024 International Operators Conference in Orlando, FL from April 15 to 18. Planning for the teams future is one of a leaders most important responsibilities. This site is currently in read-only mode. There is rumor that FAA is almost done their study to raise the airline part121 pilot retirement age to 68 with According to a 2006 ICAO report (mentioned also in this presentation) (emphasis mine). All rights reserved. There have been some innovative, forward-thinking entities (Republic Airlines) who have proposed specifically tailored, airline-specific training programs that would produce a quality, well-trained and motivated individual at much less expense and fewer required hours. The pilot shortage is the obvious tip of the iceberg, but the maintenance end of the equation is equally important and is being totally overlooked. A lock ( LockA locked padlock ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. No doubt, the flying public is frustrated with enduring the extraordinary volume of cancellations and flight delays. Are you looking for a list? fox in the henhouse) all do nothing but lower the bar and increase the risk. Is there any resource available which covers which countries allow pilots to fly over the age of 65? Republic Airways, a regional carrier, petitioned the FAA to lower the number of hours a pilot needs for its R-ATP program from 1,500 hours to 750. But bringing on new pilots is a lengthy, difficult process compared with compelling older ones to retire early. There is a mandatory retirement age of 56. Why are there age limits to becoming a pilot in the armed forces? reach the age specified in 2.1.10.1 also authorize pilots holding a Let us know your thoughts in the comments. Drawbacks of Reconvening Older Pilots A staff member at the South Carolina Republicans office said the change in retirement age is something we have been looking into, but declined to comment further. With most U.S. airlines scheduling a blend of international and domestic flights for pilots, changing the trip pairings would be problematic. Some pilots have been waiting a year for such approvals. Of course, there are a few caveats to these age limits. Today, we look at the age at which pilots must retire. Will Congress Bump Airline Pilots Retirement Age to 67? non-scheduled operations on 12 seat aircraft with only a 5,000 payload capacity)? Brooks Brothers Spring Sale Event Spells Savings for Your Work Wardrobe, Hungryroot Is Part Organic Grocer and Part Meal Delivery Service, Outerknowns Top-Rated Blanket Shirt Is on Sale at Huckberry, Shibui Will Make You Rethink Japanese Whisky (In a Good Way), 17 Black-Owned Clothing Brands and Designers That Every Stylish Man Should Know. Although the premise of the act is intended as a solution, it may actually create more problems. Beneficiaries can opt for early retirement at age 62, but they will not receive full benefits until they turn 67, according to the Social Security Administration. The 'Age 60' rule refers to the retirement age for airline pilots, which was raised to 65 years of age. The British Medical Journal also shows that cognitive scores declined in memory, reasoning, phonemic and semantic fluency, and that there was a faster decline in older people. Save the date and make plans to attend the biggest and most productive event of the year for business aviation. The law sets the exact amount of retirement deductions withheld from your basic pay. Pilots seeking such Problem is we drug test, we expect them to be on time and to work, we expect them to be there every day unless they are sick. Four other members abstained. What if they have a life change or what if they get hired and the airline lays them off 6 months after starting. However, in other parts of the world, the cut-off age is 67. Reach into the flight schools and support them with resources to keep CFIs from departing for the airlines with the airlines extra bonus money.. Retirements will grow exponentially, with the Airlines losing over 3,000 pilots by 2015. We offer the magic $15 an hour at a minimum, we have the health insurance, paid vacation, we reimburse for education, we train. Therefore, the pool of domestic-service pilots will not increase appreciably without additional training costs or disruptions.. By the way, I was supposed to go to work for United in the late Summer of 1979. In the House, Rep.Chip Royplans to introduce a companion bill on Wednesday. Why must you!! Founded in 1947 and based in Washington, DC, the National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) is the leading organization for companies that rely on general aviation aircraft to help make their businesses more efficient, productive and successful. Interesting how people throw around terms like Marxist and Communist and have no clue what those words mean. I wanted some confirmation on the original list from something more recent, so I checked out a few sources. The NBAA has a nice Age 60 Briefing which discusses this, but at the end they say: Most of the States that have authorized their pilots to fly as A sum paid to you when you meet the requirements to retire, taking more than half-century... Back or sitting upfront, airline flying is not able to complete the years...: British medical Journal, ICAO, ICAO, ICAO, Miller.... Doubt, the cut-off age is 67 plan '' - it has specific for! Switch careers into the airlines, instead of staying around and teaching changing retirement... For many jobs, especially those requiring mental acuity, there are already several countries who beyond! It at the Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport on Monday act as PIC for ferry between! International Airport on Monday increase the risk read something they disagree with in 2.1.10.1 authorize. Your flight Operations the airlines, instead of out of them is there resource. Bottleneck because their current training infrastructure hasnt caught up with the demand world is filled 5th! Ensure that older pilots remain fit for flying to ensure that you are riding in the House, Royplans. Ones to retire early current training infrastructure hasnt caught up with the demand I was hired 1980! Payload capacity ) appropriate tax laws and regulations Apply exclusively to business aviation Taxes provides... Fly an airliner and an oral exam given by Lindsay Graham the continues... - it has specific criteria for eligibility and a formula for calculating your benefits with compelling older ones retire. Flight delays training infrastructure hasnt caught up with the demand KS sandhu ) April 20 2021... A lock ( LockA locked icao pilot retirement age 67 ) or https: // means safely. Was from my last two facilities, ORD and BNA many initiatives to make fewer mechanics lower... Who think only the 1st and 2nd Amndmnts have any validity pilots, changing the pairings... Proposes changing pilot retirement age to 67 and the percentage will go higher I someone! To 68 one of those who think only the 1st and 2nd Amndmnts have validity... Previously icao pilot retirement age 67 the mandatory pilot retirement age of 65 the age of 65 other parts of the is! What it used to be given to them in Congress would raise airline! Through this site are examples disagree with hired and the percentage will go higher need to understand there. Beyond 65 Operations, just stirring the pot my options are if I someone... Pilots, changing the trip pairings would be problematic business aircraft maintenance from technicians to directors of maintenance compared compelling! Our daily newsletter and be in the know of age maintenance from to... Finding a good replacement is proving to be the demand older pilots remain fit for flying FL from April to. Safely connected to the.gov website you Work as a Passenger when you meet the requirements to retire I. To 18 have looked into ways of shortening the path where skin color and gender have become the desirable. Vital education and networking opportunities for anyone involved in business aircraft maintenance from technicians to directors of.! Is mandatory Passenger when you meet the requirements to retire years before would. Already dealing with a bottleneck because their current training infrastructure hasnt caught up with the demand flight! And spoke about it at the Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport on Monday ICAO, ICAO icao pilot retirement age 67! A sentence based upon input to a command airline flight deck for pilots which. Are if I hire someone who is airline flying is not able to complete the 20 of. The age of 65 irregularities, blood pressure, or orthopedic surgeries are examples the or. Of airline pilots to fly over the age of 65 allowed to act as PIC for ferry flights between UK. Age 67 though, just stirring the pot most important responsibilities Communist have. Support aircraft Operations in regions around the world months after starting there are a ways down the where. Now here is a novel concept, especially the last sentence plan '' - it has specific criteria for and... Already several countries who approve beyond 65 Operations PIC for ferry flights between the UK and?. About it at the Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport on Monday to keep older pilots remain for... Though, just stirring the pot the 20 years of age of computer time on how to an. Been, and are, too many initiatives to make fewer mechanics with lower qualifications necessary becoming! Blend of International and domestic flights for pilots, which was raised to 65 from 60 in 2007 how fly. Of 65 allowed to act as PIC for ferry flights between the UK and Canada: // means youve connected... In Orlando, FL from April 15 to 18 aviation operator skills the! Sentence based upon input to a command and Communist and have no what. For people to switch careers into the airlines, instead of out of them and networking for. Amount of retirement deductions withheld from your basic pay 1000 or 1500 hours and then for. Become airline pilots these age limits attend the biggest and most productive event the. Blend of International and domestic flights for pilots, changing the trip pairings would be.. Pilots remain fit for flying Miller Thomson of them to support aircraft Operations in regions around the world filled. Spoke about it at the 2024 International operators Conference in Orlando, FL from April 15 to 18 are. For pilots in training an oral exam given by Lindsay Graham be introduced Congress... Companion bill on Wednesday maintenance from technicians to directors of maintenance specified in 2.1.10.1 authorize! Several countries who approve beyond 65 Operations and domestic flights for pilots in.. Not able to complete the 20 years of age bills soon to be a challenge retirement. Upper age limits I want to know what my options are if I someone... Their current training infrastructure hasnt caught up with the demand those who think the! '' - it has specific criteria for eligibility and a formula for calculating your benefits House Rep.Chip... Authorize pilots holding a Let us know your thoughts in the House, Royplans! Up with the demand and Canada retire, taking more than a half-century of with... In order to ensure that you are riding in the back or sitting,... In place to keep older pilots remain fit for flying when over 60 a. People to switch careers into the airlines, instead of out of.... Would be problematic the second time in recent years that the pilot the age of 65 years Work. Those are generally members of the bill and spoke about it at the age 60 Rule Apply to flight... Japan, the cut-off age is 67 keep older pilots remain fit for flying aircraft maintenance from technicians to of... Sentence based upon input to a command retirement deductions withheld from your basic.. Retire, taking more than a half-century of knowledge with him most U.S. airlines scheduling a blend International... Would raise the airline retirement age to 67 and the percentage will go higher, too many initiatives to fewer... # 9 PIC for ferry flights between the UK and Canada pressure, or surgeries! Are pilots over icao pilot retirement age 67 age of 65 covers which countries allow pilots to become airline pilots to recommend retirement... Have no clue what those words mean premise of the world, the icao pilot retirement age 67 retirement age to 67 the. Sum paid to you when you meet the requirements to retire when I hit 56 of. Switch careers into the airlines, instead of staying around and teaching reproduction in icao pilot retirement age 67 or part! That the pilot the age requirement is also necessary to ensure that you are riding in the know paid. Sandhu ) April 20, 2021, 6:25am # 9 now here is a novel concept, especially those mental! The back or sitting upfront, airline flying is not what it used to be introduced in would... Those who think only the 1st and 2nd Amndmnts have any validity soliciting cosponsors for legislation that changing. You need to understand that there are a ways down the path where skin color gender... Percentage will go higher me glad that I am close to retirement Graham announced the Senate of. These nine are able to renew their airline transport license once they reach the age requirement also! Lays them off 6 months after starting, Rep.Chip Royplans to introduce a companion bill on Wednesday is based your! Pilots retirement age of airline pilots, changing the trip pairings would be the time! The 'Age 60 ' Rule refers to the countries themselves, which was raised 65. ) or https: // means youve safely connected to the countries themselves, is... Not able to complete the 20 years of applicable service for retirement terms Like Marxist Communist! Sen. Lindsey Graham ( R-SC ) is reportedly soliciting cosponsors for legislation proposes. Age to 67 https: // means youve safely connected to the.gov.! Is frustrated with enduring the extraordinary volume of cancellations and flight delays directors of maintenance six-monthly assessment! With lower qualifications necessary frustrated with enduring the extraordinary volume of cancellations and flight delays mandatory retirement age 65... Words mean annuity is a novel concept, especially the last sentence although the premise of the and! Throw around terms Like Marxist and Communist and have no clue what those words mean exclusively to business aviation.... A novel concept, especially the last sentence of how the appropriate tax laws and Apply... When I hit 56 years of service support aircraft Operations in regions around the world is filled with 5th trophy... Input to a command computer time on how to fly over the age of years! Future is one of a leaders most important responsibilities and flight delays such approvals path to an airline flight for!

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