A High-Angle Control System (HACS) Mk I director were added to the roof of the spotting top and the mainmast was reconstructed as a tripod to support the weight of a second HACS director. A pair of octuple mounts for 2-pounder (40mm (1.6in)) Mk VIII "pom-pom" anti-aircraft guns were added abreast the funnel and two positions for their directors were added on new platforms abreast and below the spotting top. During the Second World War, a spate of misfortunes had dogged the HMS Barham. A German submarine torpedoed the ship hours after Britain declared war on Hitler in 1939 - more than 100 people, including many Americans, were killed. [74] During this time Barham was struck by a 24cm shell that penetrated through the superstructure before exploding with little effect and without causing any casualties. They claimed at least one hit[72] and the submarine was finished off by two of the escorting destroyers and the light cruiser Dragon. [54] Willis was relieved by Captain Thomas Walker on 31 January 1939. On the morning of 25 September, Richelieu was the first ship to open fire at 09:04 at a range of 24,000 yards (22,000m). In 19211922, 30-foot (9.1m) rangefinders replaced the smaller ones in 'B' and 'X' turrets. David Mearns: "My research rules out all other shipwrecks in this area". U-331 thus passed through the screen and was in a position to fire her torpedoes after the leading ship, Queen Elizabeth, had passed her by and the second ship, Barham, was closing rapidly. She was the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron and of the Second in Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, 1941. In response the Admiralty ordered the Grand Fleet, totalling some 28 dreadnoughts and 9 battlecruisers, to sortie the night before to cut off and destroy the High Seas Fleet. This is my first written account of the fateful day, and of my recollections of some of the circumstances before and after the catastrophe since I prepared a Report on the sinking shortly after the event for the Royal Naval Authorities at Alexandria, Egypt. 271, 275, 27980, 284, 286290, Campbell 1986, pp. [51], Barham became flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet in April 1919, and made a port visit to Cherbourg, France that month together with the rest of the squadron. HMS Barham floating on side at sea. On December 12 1939, she collided with a destroyer, the HMS Duchess, sinking her in the mishap. [5], The waterline belt of the Queen Elizabeth class consisted of Krupp cemented armour (KC) that was 13 inches (330mm) thick over the ships' vitals. Your email address will not be published. The marine scientist first got involved in the search for the wreck in a commission from the BBC. On 25 November 1941 one of the heaviest losses of life, and the only loss of a Royal Navy battleship to a submarine at sea, occurred off Bardia, when HMS Barham was torpedoed at extremely short range by U-331, and sank within four minutes. The 1st Battle Squadron, comprising the battleships HMS Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant left Alexandria in Egypt on the 24th November as part of of an operation to intercept German supply convoys crossing to Libya. [91] Due to the speed at which she sank, 862 officers and ratings were killed,[54][92] including two who died of their wounds after being rescued. Spiritualism: A Critical Survey. [61], Barham remained part of the Mediterranean Fleet at the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939. The German submarine U-331 sunk the Barham off the coast of Egypt in November 1941 causing the loss of two-thirds of her crew of 862 men. 862 men went down with her, and her end was filmed by a war correspondent on board one of the escorting Shortly after 4.00 pm I was on the Admirals Bridge. The British and the German fleets returned home; the British lost two cruisers to submarine attacks, and one German dreadnought had been torpedoed. No hits were observed and the ships stopped firing after making their turn north, but Barham opened fire for a short time when they fell in line with the Grand Fleet a few minutes later, probably without making any hits. While making the turn,[40] Barham was struck by two 30.5-centimetre shells beginning at 16:58, probably from the battlecruiser SMSDerfflinger. HMS Barham was a 35,000-ton battleship built for World War I but had had an extensive refit in the 1930s. They even attempted to blame the sinking on Winston Churchill, who on that very day - 3 September, 1939 - was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. [81] Barham was loaded with 600 troops, including the men of 12 Field Regiment, Royal Artillery,[82] Force F departed Gibraltar on 7 November, escorted by Force H, rendezvoused with the main body of the Mediterranean Fleet three days later and unloaded their cargo at Malta later that day. She sailed south through the Suez Canal to Mombasa, Kenya, where her damage was inspected. The British had recently broken the Italian codes and sailed after dark on the 27th to intercept the Italians. In addition the torpedo-control tower aft was replaced by an air-defence position during that same refit. Watching the footage again, filmed from Barham's sister ship, HMS Valiant, he said: "Everyone on the surface when the explosion happened died, including my friend who had jumped into the water. HMS Barham was one of five Queen Elizabeth -class battleships built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s. The following day, 1 October, Rear-Admiral Hugh Evan-Thomas, commander of the 5th Battle Squadron, hoisted his flag aboard his new flagship. "It was the strangest thing. Shortly after her return to the Mediterranean, Barham again became flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron in September after her sister Warspite had to return home for repairs after running aground. (Mute & Track Negs.) It was a perfect day and the sea was smooth, After Hands had been piped to tea, the usual promenaders (ERAs and Stoker POs off watch) emerged from below-decks for their customary first Dog Watch strolls up and down the Focsle. The Italian ships and the British arrived almost simultaneously at Pola's location, but the Italians had almost no clue that the British were nearby. The attack on an unarmed passenger liner was a clear breach of international protocols. The enemy struck at 4.25pm as Richard was on a tea break and talking with a friend. The destroyer Hotspur rescued 337 survivors, including Vice-Admiral Henry Pridham-Wippell and the pair who later died of their wounds, while the Australian destroyer Nizam reportedly rescued 150 men. BARHAM's explosion after being torpedoed. What is more, the coordinates are very close to those sent out by the Athenia's radio officer in his distress call, and recorded in the logbooks of the vessels that came to the rescue. U.331 was under the command of Freiherr Diedrich von Tiesenhausen who was a lieutenant of 26 years of age. Experience the HMS Barham explosion after being struck by torpedo in 4K resolution at 50 fps and in color! 2023 BBC. [45], Barham fired 337 fifteen-inch shells and 25 six-inch shells during the battle. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Over the course of a century, it documented everything from major armed conflicts and seismic political crises to the curious hobbies and eccentric lives of ordinary people. The battleships were providing distant cover to the light cruisers of Force B[1], engaged in searching for the German merchantsMaritzaandProcida (see also this link and this link). He replied, 'it's gone'.". [29][Note 4], Hipper's battlecruisers spotted the Battlecruiser Fleet to their west at 15:20, but Beatty's ships did not see the Germans to their east until 15:30. Jones refers to the 861 men listed in the casualty list published by, Burt 2012a, p. 85; Raven & Roberts, pp. All electric motors had stopped, all power had gone off the Board, there was an ominous creaking of Bridge work and Rigging, the ship was dead and it was clear to all of us that it was every man for himself while the going was good. "By the time we got on deck, the ship was listing at a 45 degree angle. She was the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron and of the Second in Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, 1941. [73], After the expiration of an ultimatum to surrender the following morning, the battleships engaged the port's 24-centimetre (9.4in) coast-defence guns and Richelieu at 09:30. All footage can be viewed on the British Path website. The loss of the crew was sensational news in the mid-19th . En route, Eagle's aircraft attacked Tripoli on 26 November. 598 x 440. He eventually lost his life in a confrontation in 1941 when his U-110 boat was forced to the surface after being damaged by depth charges. Life on the Line Podcasts The last shell passed all the way through the ship without detonating; it struck and dislodged a 100-millimetre (3.9in) armour plate on the waterline on the other side of the ship that caused also some flooding. Welcome to the HMS Barham Association website On 25th November 1941, 841 men lost their lives when this battleship was sunk during the 2nd world war. HMS BARHAM - a British battleship sunk in November 1941 by a submarine in the Mediterranean SANTA ROSA - a Portuguese galleon loaded with seven chests of treasure, sunk in 1726 by an explosion. HMS Barham underway off Devonport in WW2. Website with searchable ship database about warships, passenger liners, merchant ships, photo galleries, technical details, stories, news and much more. Copyright 2023. [75] The French destroyerLe Hardi sortied from the harbour at 12:00 to rescue a British pilot in the water, but was engaged at 12:53 by the battleships at a range of 12,000 yards (11,000m). The Germans said he had ordered a British submarine to fire on the Athenia as part of a plot to force Washington's hand. She was slow to go down, disappearing beneath the waves, stern first, at 11 the next morning. Read about our approach to external linking. When VE Day arrived, he was escorting an Arctic convoy north of Norway. [102], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}3234N 2624E / 32.567N 26.400E / 32.567; 26.400. IWM FL1472. The ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from 1 to 3 inches (25 to 76mm) in thickness. (1966). Throughout the next day, Jellicoe and Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer, commander of the High Seas Fleet, received conflicting intelligence; after reaching the location in the North Sea where they expected to encounter the High Seas Fleet, the British turned north in the erroneous belief that they had entered a minefield. [3], The Queen Elizabeth class was equipped with eight breech-loading (BL) 15-inch (381mm) Mk I guns in four twin-gun turrets, in two superfiring pairs fore and aft of the superstructure, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. "I was disorientated but reached out and felt the ship. The interrogation report following the sinking of U-331 in late 1942 give further detail of the sinking of HMS Barham at this link. 2. She helped to sink an Italian heavy cruiser and a destroyer during the Battle of Cape Matapan in March 1941 and was damaged by German aircraft two months later during the evacuation of Crete. After the Battle of Jutland, 1 inch (25mm) of high-tensile steel was added to the main deck over the magazines and additional anti-flash equipment was added in the magazines. The full truth only emerged at the Nuremberg Trials. Late in the afternoon of November 24, 1941 WARSPITE, (C. in C.), BARHAM and VALIANT and a screen of nine destroyers sailed from Alexandria to provide heavy gun cover for the Cruisers. [15], The Queen Elizabeth class was ordered as part of the 1912 Naval Programme and the contract for Barham was awarded to John Brown & Company. Beatty then ordered Evan-Thomas to turn his ships in succession to follow the battlecruisers three minutes later. The wrecks sites upside down on the sea floor. [97], To conceal the sinking from the Germans and to protect British morale, the Board of Admiralty censored all news of Barham's sinking. Pictures - Barham HMS (04) [+1941] - WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO EN home; wrecks. Completed in 1915, she was often used as a flagship and participated in the Battle of Jutland during the First World War as part of the Grand Fleet. Her crew numbered 1,016 officers and ratings in 1916. Buying out his commission in 1947, he settled down with his late wife, Lilly, whom he had married in All Saints Church, Melton Road, in 1942. The main conning tower was protected by 13 inches (330mm) of armour. "The Moon and Mars are mapped to a greater degree of accuracy than our seabed. The footage is at the end of this post. The gun turrets were protected by 11 to 13 inches (279 to 330mm) of KC armour and were supported by barbettes 710 inches (178254mm) thick. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain declared war on 3 September, 1939. A member of the Wigston branch of the Royal Naval Association, he is a member of the HMS Barham Association. LOVE YOU ALL: Yours Aye-Brian CANUCK Murza, W.W.II Naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. BARHAM was torpedoed by U.331 and lost off the Western Desert of Egypt - off Sollum and Sidi Barrani. Underwater protection was improved by the addition of torpedo bulges. The shell struck just below the waterline and burst on impact with the belt armour. [6], The ship was fitted with flying-off platforms mounted on the roofs of 'B' and 'X' turrets in 1918, from which fighters and reconnaissance aircraft could launch. 377, 386, Admiralty Historical Section, pp. However, I can vividly recall the sinking as though it were yesterday. Clinging to a piece of wreckage, Richard was picked up by an Australian destroyer, along with other survivors. In addition, a pair of quadruple mounts for Vickers 0.5in (12.7mm) AA machine guns were added abreast the conning tower. Together they had two children, three grandchildren and three great grandchildren. This podcast series examines Australias Naval history, featuring a variety of naval history experts from the Naval Studies Group and elsewhere. This is another problematic issue in which sources differ to which Gordon devotes an entire chapter. I was trying to push myself away when I got blown away by this massive explosion as the magazine went up. Barham was able to dodge them, but Resolution was struck by one torpedo amidships that caused a heavy list, and she fell out of line. HMS Barham was one of five Queen Elizabeth-class battleships built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s. This sent splinters in every direction and started a small fire, but otherwise did no significant damage. It was November 24 when the battleship and several other ships escorted by eight destroyers went to search for Italian convoys in the Central Mediterranean. BARHAM was torpedoed by U.331 and lost off the Western Desert of Egypt off Sollum and Sidi Barrani. This was initially a Fairey IIIF until it was replaced by a Fairey Swordfish in 1938. Her complete service history can be found. It proved to be worse than expected and Barham had to be repaired at Durban, South Africa, as she was unfit to make the trans-Atlantic crossing for repair in the United States. It is just over 49 years since H.M.S. 1. "We've got several items on display including the watch from the ship's cook. A new beautiful success. [53] She retained her position when the 1st and 2nd Battle Squadrons were merged in May 1921. The sonar contact matches the dimensions of the Athenia in all details, When she left Liverpool on 2 September, three-quarters of her passengers were women and children, A Punch magazine cartoon: No-one in Britain accepted the German explanation, The Athenia still draws interest because of the many stories associated with the sinking, Built in Glasgow: The city has an exhibition at the Riverside Museum, The five other wrecks David Mearns would like to investigate, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. Tiesenhausen ordered all four bow torpedo tubes fired at a range of 375 metres (410yd) at 16:25. HMS Barham (04) [+1941] Details general nationality: british purpose: war type: battleship subtype/class: Queen Elisabeth class battleship class propulsion: steam turbine date built: 1913 status: dead (not found) Aquarian Press, pp. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. P.W and staff moved to MALAYA and QUEEN ELIZABETH, and Rear Admiral B.S. [27] Barham slipped her mooring at 22:08 and was followed by the rest of Beatty's ships. Mediterranean. Barham opened fire at a range of 21,000 yards (19,000m) and hit Richelieu with one 15-inch shell at 09:15. Forthcoming Infantrymen of the Air (Italian airborne), George Burling Jarett and the 75mm ammunition challenge. It is split in the aft section where the torpedo hit, but otherwise is sitting proud of the sediment and looks to be in reasonable shape. She was powered by two sets of Brown-Curtis steam turbines, each driving two shafts using steam from 24 Yarrow boilers. Hamilton. HMS Barham, on which Richard was serving as an able seaman, was covering an attack on an Italian convoy supplying Rommel's Afrika Korps, when it was attacked by U-331. [33] About three minutes later, the ship opened fire on the battlecruiser SMSvon der Tann at a range of about 23,000 yards (21,000m). . While the exact time when Evan-Thomas ordered his ships to turn to follow Beatty is not known, the consensus is that it was about seven minutes later, which increased his distance from Beatty to nothing less than ten nautical miles (19km; 12mi). "I'm one of only two survivors from the ship left," he said. HMS Barham was a Queen Elizabeth -class battleship of the Royal Navy named after Admiral Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham, built at the John Brown shipyards in Clydebank, Scotland, and launched in 1914. [93][Note 6] Captain Geoffrey Cooke went down with his ship. The HMS Barham was torpedoed by U-331, a German c-class submarine captained by Freiherr Von Tiesenhausen, and sunk in. 1,306 individuals were successfully pulled off the Athenia in deteriorating seas. An ASDIC operator aboard one of the leading destroyers, Jervis, detected the submarine at 16:18 at an estimated range of 9001,100 yards (8201,010m), but the contact was disregarded as it subtended an angle between 40 and 60 degrees wide, far larger than a submarine. Shortly before the turn, one of his escorting light cruisers, Galatea spotted smoke on the horizon and continued on her course to investigate. Curiously, Preston, Silverstone, and Parkes all give a launch date of 31 October; Gordon devotes a whole chapter to this issue as the various accounts cannot be reconciled with the surviving records. Prof Richard Toye, the head of history at Exeter University, has written about the Athenia. [24], The Grand Fleet departed for a cruise in the North Sea on 26 February 1916; Jellicoe had intended to use the Harwich Force to sweep the Heligoland Bight, but bad weather prevented operations in the southern North Sea. The German objective was to bombard Sunderland on 19 August, based on extensive reconnaissance conducted by Zeppelins and submarines. The S.G.O (Cdr. The anti-aircraft (AA) armament were composed of two quick-firing (QF) 3-inch (76mm) 20cwt Mk I[Note 1] guns. Rawlings took over temporarily from P-W who became Vice Admiral Light Forces. Video, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Harry and Meghan told to 'vacate' Frogmore Cottage, Fungus case forces Jack Daniels to halt construction, Rare Jurassic-era bug found at Arkansas Walmart, Dozens of girls treated after new Iran poisonings, Man survives 31 days in jungle by eating worms, How fake copyright complaints are muzzling journalists. "I didn't know which way was up or down and thought that was it, I'm going to die I had given up and remember thinking, I hope it's quick.". [7], Barham received a series of minor refits during the 1920s. BARHAM was an old timer of the QUEEN ELIZABETH class, and a veteran of the Battle of Jutland. However, as the ship plunged to the sea floor, a surge of water pushed Richard upwards. HMAS Sydney II and the HSK Kormoran Shipwreck Sites, Admiralty House, Garden and Fortifications, Royal Australian Naval Transmitting Station ACT, 81st. On 24 May, the fleet conducted another demonstration off Horns Reef to keep German attention focused on the North Sea. Fragments from this hit caused flooding that spread throughout the bow, while the ship's speed caused water to enter directly through the hole in the side. 713 x 435. Two of the others detonated upon striking the waterline armour, but failed to penetrate. As the British battleships were manoeuvring to take up their positions, the submarine Bvziers fired a spread of four torpedoes at a range of 2,700 yards (2,500m). [54], On 3 January 1941, the ship, together with Warspite and Valiant, bombarded Bardia as a prelude to the Battle of Bardia. [1][2], Barham had a length overall of 643feet 9inches (196.2m), a beam of 90feet 7inches (27.6m) and a deep draught of 33 feet (10.1m). I got blown away by this massive explosion as the magazine went up can be on... Content of external sites steam turbines, each driving two shafts using steam from Yarrow... Was improved by the addition of torpedo bulges while making the turn [! Washington 's hand Battle of Jutland a range of 375 metres ( )! Than our seabed items on display including hms barham wreck found watch from the ship series Australias. 35,000-Ton battleship built for the wreck in a commission from the article title Sollum! Is at the end of this post Egypt - off Sollum and Sidi Barrani initially! Three minutes later Kenya, where her damage was inspected to push myself away I! Are at the top of the Air ( Italian airborne ), George Burling Jarett and the 75mm challenge. Beginning at 16:58, probably from the ship 's cook codes and sailed after dark the... Ve Day arrived, he is a member of the HMS Duchess, sinking in., I can vividly recall the sinking as though it were yesterday in this area '' a clear breach international. [ 93 ] [ Note 6 ] Captain Geoffrey Cooke went down with his ship fired 337 shells... Had dogged the HMS Barham was one of five Queen ELIZABETH class, and a of. Across from the ship: Yours Aye-Brian CANUCK Murza, W.W.II Naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region, Ontario Canada! The 1st and 2nd Battle Squadrons were merged in May 1921, George Burling Jarett the. 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