|= "metrics.go" *", with below log lines. by level: Get the rate of HTTP GET requests to the /home endpoint for NGINX logs by region: Sorry, an error occurred. Every time series of the result vector must be uniquely identifiable. Using basic authorization and a derived field: You must escape the dollar ($) character in YAML values because it can be used to interpolate environment variables: In this example, the Jaeger data sources uid value should match the Loki data sources datasourceUid value. The Settings tab of the data source is displayed. Defaults to 1,000. How about saving the world? A metric conversion for a label may fail. Note: By signing up, you agree to be emailed related product-level information. Grafana lists these variables in dropdown select boxes at the top of the dashboard to help you change the data displayed in your dashboard. It's not them. Signature: min(a interface{}, i interface{}) int64. Additional helpful documentation, links, and articles: Scaling and securing your logs with Grafana Loki, Managing privacy in log data with Grafana Loki. # A trusted profile will be used for authenticating with COS. We can either pass # the trusted profile name or trusted profile ID along with the compute resource token file. Sorry, an error occurred. Cheat Sheet - Loki - Seb's IT blog - GitLab You can specify one or more expressions in this way, the same $ ( '.custom-widget-menu-toggle, .toggle-menu-children' ).removeClass ( 'menu-opened' ); @ismail is currently assigned the tasks to bring it to parity and remove the old Signature: trimPrefix(prefix string, src string) string. For example, |json first_server="servers[0]", ua="request.headers[\"User-Agent\"] will extract tags from the following log files. Signature: date(fmt string, date interface{}) string. =, =~, ! Inside string replacement, $ signs are interpreted as in Expand, so for instance $1 represents the text of the first sub-match. The matching is case-sensitive by default. When using |~ and ! Note: By signing up, you agree to be emailed related product-level information. =: exact match ! Sorry, an error occurred. Hi Grafana team, Could you provide add/remove button in kick start your query for admin to add customized query examples. Adding EV Charger (100A) in secondary panel (100A) fed off main (200A). The = operator after the label name is a label matching operator. The logfmt parser can be added by using | logfmt, which will advance all the keys and values from the logfmt formatted log lines. For example the parser | regexp "(?P\\w+) (?P[\\w|/]+) \\((?P\\d+? regexReplaceAllLiteral function returns a copy of the input string and replaces matches of the Regexp with the replacement string replacement. For example, if the prometheus response return 300 separate time-series blocks, the response can be quite big, even if the number of data points for 1 time-series is smaller. Loki template variables | Grafana documentation Additional helpful documentation, links, and articles: Scaling and securing your logs with Grafana Loki, Managing privacy in log data with Grafana Loki. For instructions on how to add a data source to Grafana, refer to the administration documentation. Open positions, Check out the open source projects we support The line format expression can rewrite the log line content by using the text/template format. bounded range of tag values, as Loki users or operators our goal should be to use as few tags as possible to store your logs. Downloads. Group by regex Loki - Grafana Loki - Grafana Labs Community Forums {host=~ ". Would you ever say "eat pig" instead of "eat pork"? Line filter expressions are the fastest way to filter logs once the Can contain only one capture group. It's possible that the logs are in a different format to what I'm expecting, or that no Logs are ingested by Loki, and my pipeline is broken somewhere. For the inbound security group rules, it is necessary to have ports 22, 80, 3000 and 8081 open. Only when using the bottomk and topk functions, we can enter the relevant arguments to the functions. Open positions, Check out the open source projects we support vector1 or vector2 results in a vector that contains all original elements (label sets + values) of vector1 and additionally all elements of vector2 which do not have matching label sets in vector1. The replacement string is substituted directly, without using Expand. regex character matches all characters, including newlines. Take the following image from Getting started with logging and Grafana Loki as an example, ingester 03 and 04 (the next ingester, clockwise in the . Loki supports two types of range vector aggregations: log range aggregations and unwrapped range aggregations. They can be referenced using they label name prefixed by a . For example, given these fake logs: GET /foo/bar GET /foo/baz GET /quux/ GET /foo GET /baz Which can be used to aggregate over distinct labels dimensions by including a without or by clause. {container="query-frontend",namespace="loki-dev"} |= "metrics.go" | logfmt | duration > 10s and throughput_mb < 500, POST /api/prom/api/v1/query_range (200) 1.5s, 0.191.12.2 - - [10/Jun/2021:09:14:29 +0000] "GET /api/plugins/versioncheck HTTP/1.1" 200 2 "-" "Go-http-client/2.0" "13.76.247.102, 34.120.177.193" "TLSv1.2" "US" "", - - <_> " <_>" <_> "" <_>, level=debug ts=2021-06-10T09:24:13.472094048Z caller=logging.go:66 traceID=0568b66ad2d9294c msg="POST /loki/api/v1/push (204) 16.652862ms", <_> msg=" () ", | duration >= 20ms or size == 20kb and method!~"2..", | duration >= 20ms or size == 20kb | method!~"2..", | duration >= 20ms or size == 20kb,method!~"2..", | duration >= 20ms or size == 20kb method!~"2..", | duration >= 20ms or method="GET" and size <= 20KB, | ((duration >= 20ms or method="GET") and size <= 20KB), | duration >= 20ms or (method="GET" and size <= 20KB), {container="frontend"} | logfmt | line_format "{{.query}} {{.duration}}", rate({filename="/var/log/nginx/access.log"}[5m])), count_over_time({filename="/var/log/message"} |~ "oom_kill_process" [5m])), sum(rate({filename="/var/log/nginx/access.log"}[5m])) by (pod), topk(5,sum(rate({filename="/var/log/nginx/access.log"}[5m])) by (pod))), sum(rate({app="foo", level="error"}[1m])) / sum(rate({app="foo"}[1m])), rate({app=~"foo|bar"}[1m]) and rate({app="bar"}[1m]), count_over_time({app="foo", level="error"}[5m]) > 10, {app="foo"} # anything that comes after will not be interpreted in your query, "This is a debug message. The result is propagated into the result vector with the grouping labels becoming the output label set. [Grafana Loki plugin] customize log query example in Kick start your For instance, the pipeline | json will produce the following mapping: In case of errors, for instance if the line is not in the expected format, the log line wont be filtered but instead will get a new __error__ label added. There are examples in Multiple parsers. Using Duration, Number and Bytes will convert the label value prior to comparision and support the following comparators: For instance, logfmt | duration > 1m and bytes_consumed > 20MB. loki alert setup with grafana-loki helm chart - Stack Overflow This aggregation includes filters and parsers. ~, regular expressions with Golangs RE2 syntax can be used. The parsers json, logfmt, pattern, regexp and unpack are currently supported. Additional helpful documentation, links, and articles: Scaling and securing your logs with Grafana Loki, Managing privacy in log data with Grafana Loki. Email update@grafana.com for help. Query results will have satisfied every filter. Loki derived fields and correlation between logs and traces - Grafana This means that the . Return the largest of a series of integers: Signature: max(a interface{}, i interface{}) int64. Grafana Labs uses cookies for the normal operation of this website. Line filter expressions have support matching IP addresses. Pay special attention to operator order when chaining arithmetic operators. How a top-ranked engineering school reimagined CS curriculum (Ep. the line: Label filter expression allows filtering log line using their original and extracted labels. This means that all the following expressions are equivalent: The precedence for evaluation of multiple predicates is left to right. This function returns the current log line. Using Duration, Number and Bytes will convert the tag values before comparing and supports the following comparators. The unpack parser will parse the json log lines and unpack all embedded tags through the packing phase, a special attribute _entry will also be used to replace the original log lines. Sets the name you use to refer to the data source in panels and queries. I am interested in monitoring a variable in a log that takes different values over time. Also you may be able to get QF to work by just adding either frontend_address or downstream_url to the config, but I don't personally deploy in monolithic mode, so I can't say for certain. This means you can use the same operations (=,!=,=~,!~). You must explicitly request matching by using the group_left or group_right modifier, where left or right determines which vector has the higher cardinality. Open positions, Check out the open source projects we support Each expression can filter out, parse, or mutate log lines and their respective labels. | duration > 30s or status_code!="200" The log stream selector is specified by one or more comma-separated key-value pairs. For example, while the results are the same, the following query {job="mysql"} |= "error" |json | line_format "{{.err}}" will be faster than {job="mysql"} | json | line_format "{{.message}}" |= "error", Log line filter expressions are the fastest way to filter logs after log stream selectors . Unlike logfmt and json (which extract all values implicitly and without arguments), the regexp parser takes a single argument | regexp "" in the form of a regular expression using Golang RE2 syntax. A Log Stream Selector determines how many logs will be searched for. The log message format is shown below. You can use a match-all regex together with a stream you have for all your logs. loki is the main server, responsible for storing logs and processing queries. Signature: indent(spaces int,src string) string. and only include errors whose duration is above ten seconds. The following example shows a full log query in action: To avoid escaping special characters you can use the `(backtick) instead of " when quoting strings. Loki is already present in the data sources of Grafana. Captures are matched from the line beginning or the previous set of literals, to the line end or the next set of literals. An example that mutates is the expression. Sorry, an error occurred. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? Get started with Grafana and MS SQL Server, Encrypt database secrets using Google Cloud KMS, Encrypt database secrets using Hashicorp Vault, Encrypt database secrets using Azure Key Vault, Assign or remove Grafana server administrator privileges, Activate a Grafana Enterprise license purchased through AWS Marketplace, Activate a Grafana Enterprise license from AWS Marketplace on EKS, Activate a Grafana Enterprise license from AWS Marketplace on ECS, Activate a Grafana Enterprise license from AWS on an instance deployed outside of AWS, Manage your Grafana Enterprise license in AWS Marketplace, Transfer your AWS Marketplace Grafana Enterprise license, Create and manage alerting resources using file provisioning, Create and manage alerting resources using Terraform, Create Grafana Mimir or Loki managed alert rules, Create Grafana Mimir or Loki managed recording rules, Grafana Mimir or Loki rule groups and namespaces, Performance considerations and limitations, API Tutorial: Create API tokens and dashboards for an organization, Add authentication for data source plugins, Add distributed tracing for backend plugins, opening a support ticket in the Cloud Portal. Signature: unixEpochMillis(date time.Time) string. NIntegrate failed to converge to prescribed accuracy after 9 \ recursive bisections in x near {x}. Grafana ships with built-in support for Loki, an open-source log aggregation system by Grafana Labs. Signature: replace(old string, new string, src string) string. (They can only contain ASCII letters and digits, as well as underscores and colons. Count all the log lines within the last five minutes for the traefik namespace. Loki data source | Grafana documentation Here we illustrate monitoring Kubernetes events as an example. There are two benefits. You can use double quoted string for the template or backticks `{{.label_name}}` to avoid the need to escape special characters. *)" will extract from the following line: The unpack parser parses a JSON log line, unpacking all embedded labels from Promtails pack stage. and !="out of order". This means that the regex expression must match against the entire string, including newlines. Downloads. If you cant, the pattern and regexp parsers can be used for log lines with an unusual structure. *"} doesn't work for me. Is there a Loki query that returns all the logs? Returns the number of seconds elapsed since January 1, 1970 UTC. The only way to filter out errors is by using a label filter expressions. To avoid these problems, dont add labels until you know you need them. A tag filter expression allows to filter log lines using their original and extracted tags, and it can contain multiple predicates. The following example returns the rates requests partitioned by app and status as a percentage of total requests. Signature: func(a interface{}, v interface{}) int64, Signature: func(i interface{}) float64. Grafana Loki documentation LogQL: Log query language Template functions Open source Template functions The text template format used in | line_format and | label_format support the usage of functions. Sets the upper limit for the number of log lines returned by Loki. You can wrap predicates with parenthesis to force a different precedence. This log line can be parsed with the expression, - - <_> " <_>" <_> "" <_>. Defines whether the link is internal or external. It takes a single string parameter | line_format "{{.label_name}}", which is the template format. Supported function for operating over unwrapped ranges are: Except for sum_over_time,absent_over_time, rate and rate_counter, unwrapped range aggregations support grouping. log stream selectors have been applied. To filters those errors see the pipeline errors section. Using Loki based variable - Grafana Labs Community Forums LogQL: Log query language LogQL is Grafana Loki's PromQL-inspired query language. will result in having the following labels extracted: Similar to JSON, using | logfmt label="expression", another="expression" in the pipeline will result in extracting only the fields specified by the labels. Then import the Dashboard at https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/14003, but be careful to change the filter tag in each chart to job="monitoring/event-exporter". If we wish to match only the contents of msg=", we can use the following expression to do so. We dont need most of the preceding log data, we just need to use <_> for placeholders, which is obviously much simpler than regular expressions. Downloads. Signature: round(a interface{}, p int, rOpt float64) float64, We can also provide a roundOn number as third parameter, With default roundOn of .5 the above value would be 123.88571, Signature: toFloat64(v interface{}) float64. defines the field name example. Example of a query to print how many times XYZ occurs in a line: Convert a humanized byte string to bytes using go-humanize, Convert a humanized time duration to seconds using time.ParseDuration, Signature: duration_seconds(string) float64. Line filter expressions support stripping ANSI sequences (color codes) from It includes those log lines that contain a status_code label Lokis strength lies in parallel querying, using filter expressions (label=text, |~ regex, ) to query the logs will be more efficient and fast. Loki compute sizing and query (topk) performance - Grafana Loki Hi, @owen-d, @cyriltovena, I'm trying to do something that is new to me with a loki query to make up a dashboard. A pattern expression is composed of captures and literals. The above example means that all log streams with the tag app and the value mysql and the tag name and the value mysql-backup will be included in the query results. Loki indexes only the date, system name and a label for logs. A complete query with a regular expression: Keep log lines that contain a substring that starts with error=, Only field access (my.field, my["field"]) and array access (list[0]) are currently supported, as well as combinations of these in any level of nesting (my.list[0]["field"]). A minor scale definition: am I missing something? The same rules that apply to the Prometheus tag selector also apply to the Loki log stream selector. For example /path/subpath and /path/othersubpath are grouped under /path. A list of tags can be obtained as shown below. I will try. This indents each line contained in the .query by four (4) spaces. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Nested properties are flattened into label keys using the _ separator. Log pipeline expressions fall into one of three categories: The line filter expression does a distributed grep Other static tags, such as environment, version, etc. A special property _entry will also be used to replace the original log line. While line filter expressions could be placed anywhere within a log pipeline, $2 with the second etc. This complete query example will give results that include the string error, This contrived query will return the intersection of these queries, effectively rate({app="bar"}): Comparison operators are defined between scalar/scalar, vector/scalar, and vector/vector value pairs. vector1 unless vector2 results in a vector consisting of the elements of vector1 for which there are no elements in vector2 with exactly matching label sets. Too many tag combinations can create a lot of streams, and it can make Loki store a lot of indexes and small chunks of object files. Use {host=~ ".+"} That should work always. It takes a comma-separated list of operations as arguments, and can perform multiple operations at once. For details, see the template variables documentation. On the other hand, Grafana Loki can be run smoothly on a relatively small server. LogQL queries can be annotated with the # character, e.g. Connect Grafana to data sources, apps, and more, with Grafana Alerting, Grafana Incident, and Grafana OnCall, Frontend application observability web SDK, Try out and share prebuilt visualizations, Contribute to technical documentation provided by Grafana Labs, Help build the future of open source observability software Loki supports functions to operate on data. topk and bottomk are different from other aggregators in that a subset of the input samples, including the original labels, are returned in the result vector. Well demo all the highlights of the major release: new and updated visualizations and themes, data source improvements, and Enterprise features. Use this function to repeat a string multiple times. The same rules that apply for Prometheus Label Selectors apply for Grafana Loki log stream selectors. Defines a regular expression to evaluate on the log message and capture part of it as the value of the new field. Use this function to trim just the prefix from a string. When you are. They can be referenced using they label name prefixed by a . After parsing, these attributes can be extracted as follows. and is followed by 1 or more word characters. String type work exactly like Prometheus label matchers use in log stream selector. specified json fields to labels. This is the same template engine as the | line_format expression, which means labels are available as variables and you can use the same list of functions. Query frontend caches and reuses them later if applicable. Grafana provides built-in support for Loki. A log range aggregation is a query followed by a duration. The labels will be extracted as shown below. Vector elements for which the expression is not true or which do not find a match on the other side of the expression get dropped from the result, while the others are propagated into a result vector. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

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